This section provides a brief overview of coastal engineering fundamentals, covering hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes. It discusses long-term changes in water levels, components contributing to measured water levels, and the transformation of sea state and waves near coastlines. Additionally, it explores coastal currents as drivers of sediment transport in both long-shore and cross-shore directions. The section also touches on the influence of these processes on coastal structures and morphology in the context of climate change.