In agriculture and forestry, there are additional by-products containing lignocellulose. By-products from forestry and the woodworking industry include residual wood from forests, such as unused coarse wood from branches or tree trunks. These were often left in the forests for economic reasons or to improve soil and nutrient supply. However, these materials are increasingly being used as energy sources.

Residual wood from the woodworking industry includes residues from sawmilling, such as sawdust, wood chips, or bark. These by-products are often used for pellet production, fiber or particle board production, and to meet the internal heat demands of sawmills.

Agricultural wastes with lignocellulosic components include straw from cereal production, corn stover, rice husks, or, in tropical countries, bagasse from sugar cane production.