Discrimination refers to actions based on bias, resulting in the unjust or prejudicial treatment of people based on categories such as race, age, or gender.

Discrimination can take many forms, including direct (explicitly unequal treatment), indirect (when policies disproportionately affect certain groups), institutionalised (embedded within systems or policies), structural (rooted in broader social inequalities), and even “affirmative” (intended to correct historical imbalances).