Sugar and Starch-Rich Crops
Sugar and Starch-Rich Crops
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Starch
- Starch is a complex sugar molecule (polysaccharide)
- Composed of more than 20 monosaccharides and serves as energy storage in plant cells and organs.
- Starch consists of numerous glucose units linked by different glycosidic bonds:
- α-1,4 glycosidic bonds form amylose
- α-1,6 glycosidic bonds form amylopectin
- For biofuel production, these bonds must be broken down by hydrolysis, usually using enzymatic hydrolysis and biocatalysts (enzymes) such as α-amylase and glucoamylase.
- Afterward, the released short-chain sugars can be converted into ethanol.
Amylose & Amylopectin_EN by CNX OpenStax (CC BY 4.0)